Most retaining walls are built to a similar design to free-standing walls. They are made up of horizontal layers of facing stones, packed with smaller hearting stone, and have a batter which tapers from a wide base to a narrow finish height.
Retaining dry stone walls are generally built to protect a vertical or near vertical bank from erosion. Most banks are quite stable, except at the exposed surface and place little pressure on the wall. Hence the batter of the outside face of a retaining wall is usually the same as a free standing wall of the same stone type. However, when the wall is load bearing, rather than just protecting from erosion, the batter may need to be more sloped.
The base width is dependant on the batter and wall height.
A retaining dry stone wall has one stone face and can be built in different styles dependant on your tastes and the local vernacular.
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